SADS is an acronym that stands for Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndrome. It is a term used to describe a group of rare, genetic heart disorders that can cause sudden cardiac arrest or death in seemingly healthy individuals, often without any warning signs or symptoms. SADS usually affects younger individuals, typically under the age of 35, and is most commonly seen in adolescents and young adults.
The term "arrhythmia" refers to irregular heart rhythms, which can be caused by abnormalities in the electrical system of the heart. In individuals with SADS, these abnormalities can lead to dangerous arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation, where the heart's main pumping chambers (ventricles) quiver instead of contracting properly, resulting in the inability to effectively pump blood to the body.
SADS is considered a syndrome because it encompasses various disorders, including Long QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, and Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. These conditions are all characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the heart, leading to potentially life-threatening arrhythmias.
Due to the sudden and unpredictable nature of SADS, it is crucial to be aware of the warning signs and promptly seek medical attention if symptoms such as fainting, seizures, or sudden cardiac arrest occur. Genetic testing and heart screenings may be recommended for individuals with a family history of SADS or sudden unexplained deaths.
Management of SADS typically involves medication to control heart rhythm, lifestyle modifications, and implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to restore regular rhythm in the event of a life-threatening arrhythmia.
