RECEPTORS Meaning and
Definition
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Receptors are specialized structures or molecules that are found in cells, tissues, or organs, and have the ability to recognize and bind specifically to certain substances, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, or drugs. These substances, known as ligands, typically have complementary structures to the receptors, allowing them to bind with high affinity.
Receptors play a crucial role in various physiological processes by functioning as sensors or detectors, allowing cells to respond to changes in their environment. They transmit signals from the external or internal environment to the inside of the cell, initiating a cascade of cellular responses that can influence gene expression, cell function, and behavior.
Different types of receptors exist in the human body, each with their own specific structure, location, and function. For example, cell surface receptors are typically found embedded in the plasma membrane and transmit signals into the cell through intracellular signaling pathways. In contrast, intracellular receptors are located within the cytoplasm or nucleus and regulate gene expression by binding to specific ligands and directly interacting with DNA.
Receptors are essential components of many physiological systems, including the nervous, endocrine, immune, and sensory systems. They enable cells to communicate with each other and integrate complex signals from the environment, allowing for appropriate responses and adaptations. Dysfunction or abnormalities in receptors can lead to various diseases or disorders, highlighting the critical role they play in maintaining normal physiological function.
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Etymology of RECEPTORS
The word "receptors" is derived from the Latin word "receptus", which means "received" or "taken back" in English. The term was originally used in the context of anatomy and physiology to describe the organs or structures that receive or perceive external stimuli. Over time, the term evolved to primarily refer to the specialized proteins or structures present on cell surfaces that detect and bind specific molecules or signals, triggering a physiological response within the cell.
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