How Do You Spell HIV RELATED NEPHROPATHIES?
Pronunciation: [ˌe͡ɪt͡ʃˌa͡ɪvˈiː ɹɪlˈe͡ɪtɪd nɛfɹˈɒpəθɪz] (IPA) 
Pronunciation: [ˌe͡ɪt͡ʃˌa͡ɪvˈiː ɹɪlˈe͡ɪtɪd nɛfɹˈɒpəθɪz] (IPA)
HIV-related nephropathies refer to a group of kidney diseases that occur as a direct result of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, or as a consequence of the immune system suppression caused by the virus. These nephropathies can cause significant damage to the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney disease, renal failure, and other kidney-related complications.
HIV-related nephropathies encompass various types of kidney disorders, including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), immune complex kidney diseases, thrombotic microangiopathy, and tubulointerstitial nephritis. HIVAN is the most common and severe form of these nephropathies, primarily affecting individuals of African descent. It is characterized by large amounts of protein leakage in the urine (proteinuria), rapidly declining kidney function, and ultimately end-stage renal disease.
The exact mechanisms by which HIV affects the kidneys are not fully understood. However, it is believed that the virus directly infects and damages the kidney cells, leading to inflammation and scarring. Immune dysregulation and the formation of abnormal immune complexes in the kidneys can also contribute to the development of HIV-related nephropathies.
Treatment of these nephropathies involves a combination of antiretroviral therapy to control the HIV infection and manage immune function, as well as medications to control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria. In severe cases, kidney transplantation may be considered. Regular monitoring of kidney function is crucial for individuals living with HIV to detect and manage any kidney complications early on.
