Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) refers to a contagious viral illness that primarily affects young children, often under the age of 10. It is characterized by the appearance of sores or blisters in the mouth, and a rash on the hands and feet. HFMD is predominantly caused by the coxsackievirus A16, although other strains of enterovirus can also be responsible for the disease.
The symptoms of HFMD usually begin with a fever, sore throat, and a decreased appetite. Following this initial stage, sores or ulcers may develop inside the mouth, including the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks. These painful lesions can interfere with eating and cause discomfort. Simultaneously, a rash may emerge on the hands, feet, knees, or buttocks. The rash generally consists of small red spots that may evolve into blisters or ulcers.
HFMD is primarily transmitted through close personal contact with an infected individual. The virus can also spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, as well as through contact with feces or contaminated objects and surfaces. The disease has the potential to spread rapidly in settings such as schools, daycares, and childcare centers.
Although HFMD is usually a self-limiting illness that resolves within a week or two, it is important to maintain good hygiene practices, including handwashing, to minimize the risk of infection. Additionally, symptomatic relief can be sought through measures such as providing pain relievers for fever or discomfort, and ensuring adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
In rare cases, complications of HFMD can occur, particularly when caused by other strains of enterovirus. These complications may include viral meningitis, encephalitis, or inflammation of the heart muscle (my
